INTRODUCTION


ELIGIBILITY FOR CIVIL SERVICE



CS PRELIMNARY



CS MAIN



LIST OF OPTIONAL SUBJECT CS PRELIMNARY



LIST OF OPTIONAL SUBJECTS (LITERATURE) - CS (MAIN)



ABOUT THE INTERVIEW



LIST OF CIVIL SERVICES



LIST OF POST OFFICES WHERE UPSC APPLICATION FORMS ARE AVAILABLE



LIST OF TRAINING CENTRES

TRAINING CENTRES

INTERVIEW

This is the final stage in the selection process, the battle royale that can swing the outcome either way. The interview score plays a decisive role in the selection process and also in the service, which is finally allotted to you. Roughly only 750-800 candidates make it past the final selection out of the hundreds of thousands who send applications.



One should form a group of 4-5 people, as the preparation for Personality Test cannot be done in isolation. Try holding as many mock interviews as possible.
No training institute can develop/transform your personality in a few days. However, some of the tips may help in ironing out some weaknesses/grey areas and can provide an avenue for a well-planned preparation and group discussions.
Take mock interviews. In the mock interview, ask your friends to grill you so that you can face pressure from the Board easily.
Discuss a lot with your friends. This not only helps in you assimilating different points of view, but also enhances knowledge levels


In a personality test, what is of importance is how you say what you say. It is the style of presentation that matters.
Your personality is, on an average, assessed in 25-30 minutes, it is your responsibility to bring out your very best in front of the board.
Be attentive and listen to each question carefully. Try not to jump into an answer before the complete question has been posed as you will end up wasting time on answering a question that you were not actually asked. If you are not sure of what was asked, you can always politely seek a clarification.
Do not try to answer the question as soon as it is posed. Think over the question, take your time and organize the broad outline of the answer before airing it. Pause a while before answering, even if you know the answer.
At times, you will be given situations wherein you will be required to take a decision. In such situations, the board is testing your ability to comprehend issues and use reason and good judgment logically, precisely and arrive at a balanced decision.
Your replies should be crisp and to the point. Do not beat around the bush.
Maintain a gentle smile off and on during the Personality Test without overdoing it. It displays a sense of ease and confidence. Wherever possible use your sense of humour judiciously

List of Post Offices where UPSC application forms are available

Andhra Pradesh Circle : Hyderabad GPO, Hyderabad Jubilee, Kachiguda Stn., Khairatabad, Secunderabad, Trimulgherry, Adilabad, Anantapur, Arundelpet (Guntur), Chittoor, Cuddapah, Eluru, Kakinada, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kurnool, Machilipatnam, Mahboobnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nellore, Nizamabad, Ongole, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Vijayawada, Vikarabad, Visakhapatnam, Warangal.

Assam Circle : Guwahati, Barpeta, Dhubri, Dibrugarh, Diphu, Golaghat, Hailakandi, Jorhat, Karimganj, Kokrajhar, Mangaldoi, Nagaon, Nalbari, North Lakhimpur, Sibsagar, Silchar, Tezpur, Tinsukia.

Bihar Circle : Patna, GPO, Bankipur, Arrah, Aurangabad, B. Deoghar, Bokaro Steel City, Banka, Battiah, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Biharsharif, Buxar, Chaibasa, Chapra, Daltonganj, Darbhanga, Dhanbad, Dumka, Gaya, Giridih, Gopalganj, Gumla, Hajipur, Hazaribagh, Jamshedpur, Katihar, Madhubani, Motihari, Munger, Muzaffarpur, Nawada, Purnea, Ranchi, Saharsa, Samastipur, Sasaram, Sitamarhi, Siwan.

Delhi Circle : Delhi GPO, New Delhi, Indra Prastha, Ramesh Nagar, Sarojini Nagar, Lodi Road, Krishna Nagar, Ashok Vihar, Parliament Street, UPSC PO.

Gujarat Circle : Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Amreli Anand, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Dahod, Godhra, Himatnagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kheda, Mehesana, Navrangpura, Navsari, Palanpur, Patan, Porbandar, Rajkot, Revdi Bazar, Surat, Surendranagar, Valsad, Vadodara.

Haryana Circle : Ambala GPO, Ambala City, Bahadurgarh, Bhiwani, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Hissar, Jind, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Narnaul, Panipat, Rohtak, Sirsa, Sonepat.

Himachal Pradesh Circle : Shimla, Bilaspur, Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Keylong, Kulu, Mandi, Nahan, Recong, Peo, Solan, Una.

Jammu & Kashmir Circle : Srinagar, Anantnag, Baramulla, Jammu, Kathua, Leh, Rajouri, Udhampur.

Karnataka Circle : Bangalore GPO, Bangalore City, Basavangudi, HAL II Stage, Jayanagar, R.T. Nagar, Bagalkot, Raichur, Rajajinagar, Belgaum Bellary, Bidar, Bijapur, Chikmagalur, Chitradurga, Davengere, Dharwad, Gadag, Gulbarga, Hassan, Haveri, Hubli, Karwar, Kolar, Madikere, Mandya, Mangalore, Manipal, Mysore, Nanjagud, Shimoga, Sirsi, Tumkur, Udupi.

Kerala Circle : Trivandrum, Alleppey (Alappuzha), Calicut, Cannanore, Ernakulam, Kalpetta, Kasargod, Kattappana, Kottayam, Malappuram, Palghat, Pathanamthitta, Quilon, Trichur, Kavaratti, (Lakshadweep).

Madhya Pradesh Circle : Bhopal GPO, Bilaspur, Ambikapur, Balaghat, Betul, Bhind, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Damoh, Dewas, Dhar, Durg, Guna, Hoshangabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Jagdalpur, Jhabua, Khandwa, Khargone, Lashkar, Mandla, Mandsaur, Morena, Narsinghpur, Neemuch, Raigarh, Raipur, Raisen, Rajgarh (Biora), Rajnandgaon, Ratlam, Rewa, Sagar Cantt., Satna, Sehore, Seoni, Shahdol, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Sidhi, Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Vidisha.

Maharashtra Circle : Mumbai GPO, Andheri, Borivili, Chembur, Chinehbunder, Dadar, Girgaon, Kalbadevi, Mahim, Mandvi, Mumbai Central, Ahmednagar, Akola, Alibag, Amravati, Aurangabad, Beed, Bhandara, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Dhule, Jalagaon, Jalna, Karad, Kolhapur, Latur, Nagpur GPO, Nanded, Nasik, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Pune, Ratnagiri, Sangli, Satara, Sawantwadi, Solapur, Thane, Wardha, Yeotmal, Margaon (Goa), Panaji (Goa).

North East Circle : Agartala, Aizwal, Dharmanagar, Imphal, Itanagar, Kohima, Radhakishorepur, Shillong, Tura.

Orissa Circle : Bhubaneswar GPO, Angul, Bolangir, Balasore, Bargarh, Baripada, Berhamapur, Bhadrak, Bhawanipatna, Cuttack GPO, Dhenkanal, Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, Jeypore (K), Jharsuguda, Kendrapara, Keonjhargarh, Koraput, Nayagarh, Parlakhemundi, Phulbani, Puri, Rayagada, Sambalpur, Sundargarh.

Punjab Circle : Amritsar, Bhatinda, Faridkot, Ferozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar City, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Moga, Patiala, Ropar, Sangrur, Chandigarh.

Rajasthan Circle : Jaipur GPO, Jawahar Nagar, Shastri Nagar, Ajmer, Alwar, Banswara, Baran, Barmer, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Bikaner, Bundi, Chittorgarh, Churu, Dausa, Dholpur, Dungarpur, Hanumangarh, Hindaun, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jhalawar, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur, Kankroli, Kota, Nagaur, Pali Marwar, Sawaimadhopur, Shastri Circle Udaipur, Sikar, Sirohi, Sriganganagar, Tonk.

Tamil Nadu Circle : Chennai GPO, Anna Road, St. Thomas Mount, T. Nagar, Bodinayakanur, Chengalpattu, Chidambaram, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dharmapuri, Dindigul, Erode, Kanchipuram, Karur, Madurai, Nagapattinam, Nagercoil, Namakkal, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram, Salem, Sivagangai, Tambaram, Thanjavur, Thiruvannamalai, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli, Tiruvallur, Tiruvayur, Turaiyur, Tuticorin, Udhagamandalam, Vellore, Villupuram, Virudhunagar, Pondichearry.

Uttar Pradesh Circle : Lucknow, Lucknow Chowk, Agra, Akbarpur, Aligarh, Allahabad, Allahabad Katchery, Almora, Auraiya, Azamgarh, Bahraich, Ballia, Balrampur, Banda, Bansi, Barabanki, Bareilly, Basti, Bijnor, Budaun, Bulandshahr, Dehradun, Deoria, Dhampur, Etah, Etawah, Faizabad, Fatehgarh, Fatehpur, Firozabad, Ghaziabad, Ghazipur, Gonda, Gopeshwar, Gorakhpur, Haldwani, Hamirpur,Hardoi, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Kanpur, Kheri, Lalitpur, Mainpuri, Mathura, Mau, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Muzaffarnagar, Nainital, Orai, Pauri, Padrauna, Pilibhit, Pithoragarh, Pratapgarh, Rai Bareli, Rampur, Roorkee, Saharanpur, Shahajahanpur, Sitapur, Sultanpur, Tehri, Unnao, Varanasi.

West Bengal Circle : Kolkata GPO, Alipore, Barabazar, Beleghata, Belghoria, Cassipore, Park Street, Tollygunge, Balurghat, Bankura, Barasat, Berhampore, Burdwan, Chinsurah, Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, Howrah, Jalpaiguri, Krishnagar, Malda, Midnapore, Purulia, Suri, Siliguri, Port Blair (Andaman & Nicobar Islands), Gangtok (Sikkim).

ZOOLOGY

UNIT I
Non - Chordata:- General organisation - Classificaiton with diagnositc features upto classes.Protozoa:- Structure, reproduction and life history of Amoeba Paramecium, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Monocystis, Leishmania - locomotion, nutrition, economic importance. Porifera: Sponges canai system, skeleton, reproduction and economic importance. Coelenterata:- Diploblastic organization - life history of obelia and Aurelia, Metagenesis - Polymorphism in Hydrozoa Corals and Croal formation - relationships of Chidaria and Acnidaria. Helminthes:- Structure and life history of Planarai, Fasciola, Teania, Ascaris and Wucheraria - parasitic adaptations - Helminths in relation to man. Annelida:- Neries, earthworm and leech - Coelom and metamerism - modes of life in polychactes.Onychophora:- Structure, affinities and distribution of Peripatus. Arthropoda:- Prawn, Scropion and Cockroach - Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea - Mouth parts, vision, respiration and excretion Metamosphosis and social life in insets. Mollusca:- Freshwater mussel, pila, sepia - oyster culture and pearl formation. Echinodermata:- General organisation - Water vascular system Larval forms and affinites.

UNIT II
Prochordata:- Amphioxuz, Palanoglossus - Ascidian retrogressive Metamorphosis, neoteny and affinities. Chordata:- Genreral Organisation - Charaters, Outline classification Upto class level. Pisces:- Locomotion, migration, respiration, economic importance strcture and affinites of dipnoi.Amphibia:- Origin of Amphibians - Parental care - South Indian amphibians. Reptiles:- Origin - Conquest of land - adaptations to live on land adaptive radiation - Temporal Vacuties - identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes - poison apparatus - south Indian examples. Birids:- Origin - fight adaptations - mechanism of flight - double respiration - migration - Flightless birds, their structure and distribution.Mammals:- Dentition, skin derivatives - distribution - adaptive radiation - Protothria and Metatheria, their Phylogenetic relation ship - South Indian examples.

UNIT III
Cell and Molecular Biology:- Cellular Organelles - Structure and function - Plasma membrane, mitochondria, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and riboscomes - Nucloelus and nucleus - Chlorosplast - Cell division (Mitosis & meiosis) - Chromosomes - DNA structure and function, replication of DNA, Geneticcode - RNA and protein synthesis. Gene expression - Recombinant DNA, Genetic cloning - Genetic engineering, its uses in agriculture, biology and medicine - Sex chromosomes and sex determination.

UNIT IV
Genetics:- Laws of inheritance - Linkage, principle of gene mapping multiple alleles, blood groups - mutation (Natural and induced) Sex Linked and Sex Limited inheritance - Chromosome number and form ploidy - cytoplasmic inheritance - Karyotypes - Normal and abnormal genetic disorder - Bio-chemical genetics - regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - population genetics - Eugenics. Mean, Median and standard deviation.

UNIT V
Bio Chemistry:- Structure of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins lipids - Glycolysis and kre'bs cycle - oxidation, reduction - oxidative phosphorylation - energy conservation and relase, cyclic AMP, ATP enzymes - mechanism Hormones, their classification biosynthesis and function. Physiology:- With reference to mammals, digestion, nutrition, balanced diet in man - assimilation, intermediary/metabolism. Composition of blood - Coagulation, Transport of oxygen, Carbondioxide, Blood pigments, Mechanism of respiration, Muscles, mechanisum of muscle contration, Temperature regulation, Acid base balance and homestasis, Nerve impluses and conduction, neurotransmitters. Receptors, photo, phono and chemopreception. Nephron and urine formation, Endocrine glands, ovary and pituitary organs and their inter relationship, Physiology of reproduction in humans, Normal development in insects and pheromones. Bioluminescence, Biological rhythms, Physiology of immune response Antigens - Immunoglobulins, humoral and cell mediated immunity. T & B cells, mechanism of antibody formation - AIDS.

UNIT VI
Development Biology:- Gametogenesis - fertilization - type of eggs - blastulation and gastrulation in Amphioxus, frog and chick morphogenetic movements - organizen potency, organogenesis with reference to hear, eye kideny brain - Formation and fate of extra embryonic membranes in chick. Placenta, types, functions, Regeneration - Aging and senescene - metamorphosis in Frog - Cancerous growth.

UNIT VII
Environmental Biology:- Biotic and abiotic factors, their role, Intra and interspectic association. Biogeochemical cyles. Ecosystem, concept and componensts - energy flow, food chain, food web, trophic levels. Ecological succession, Community structure - Stratification. Population and Population dynamic - Habitate, ecology, adaptations in marine fress water and terrestrial habitats. Wild life, need for conservation management and methods of conservation. Sanctuaries with special reference to INDIA. Pollution - air, water and land - Perspective policy planning for the environment.

UNIT VIII
Evolution:- Origin of life - Evolutionary thought - Contributions of Lamarck Darwin and De Varies - present status of Darwinism and Lamrkism - modern synthetic concept - Hard Weinber Law - Polymorphism and mimicry in evolution. Specification, species concept - Isolation machanisms and their role, role of hybridization in evolution. Fossils and Fossilitzation Origin and evolution of man - Culture evolution and Biochemical evolution.

UNIT IX
Animal distribution: Zoogeographical distribution - Continental and island fauna - Continental drift - Discontinious distribution adaptive radiation. Natural resources and their conservation. Alternative sources of energy.

UNIT X
Economic Zoology:- Parasitism and Commensalim - Protozoan Parasites and diseases, helminth parasites and diseases of man and domestic animals - Benefical and destructive insects Insect pests on crops and stored products - Control methods. Sericulture, apiculture, poultry, pisciculture and induced breeding, Sheell fisheries, Acquaculture practices in INDIA and their impact on the environment and on agriculture

STATISTICS

UNIT I
Uses, Scope and lidmitation of Statistics, Collection Classification and tabulation of data, Diagramatic and Graphical representation, Measures of location, dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis.

UNIT II
Probability - Addition, multiplication and Bay's Theorems and their application. Tchebychev's inequality. Random variables - Univariate and Bivariate - probability distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions - Expectations - Moments and cumulants genevating fucntions Discrete distributions - Binomial, poisson, Geometric and Hypergeometric. Continuos distributions - Uniform, exponential and normal.

UNIT III
Curve Fitting - Linear and Quadratic equation by the method of least squares. Correlation and regression.

UNIT IV
Population and sample - Parameter and statistic, sampling distributions and standard error, student's 't' Chi-square and F statistic - distributions and their applications.

UNIT V
Estimation - Point estimation - properties of estimates Neyman - Fisher Factorization theorem(without proof) Cramer - Rao inequality, Rao - Blackwell theorem - MLE and method of Moments estimation - Interval estimation - for population mean and variance based on small and large samples.

UNIT VI
Tests of Hypothesis - Null and Alternative - Types of errors _ Power of test, Neyman - Pearson lemma, UMP and Likelihood ratio tests, Test procedures for large and small samples - Independence of attributes, Chi-square test - Goodness of fit.

UNIT VII
Simple random sample - stratified, systematic, Cluster (Single stage) Estimation of mean and variance in SKS - Sample Survey - Organisation - CSO and NSSO - Sampling and Non-Sampling errors.

UNIT VIII
Analysis of Variance - Principles of design CRD, Rbd and LSD - Factorial experiments 22, 23 and 32 (Without confounding) Missing plot techniques.

UNIT IX
Concept of SQC - Control Charts - X,R, p and C-Charts Acceptance sampling plan - single and double - oc curves Attributes and Variables plan, Reliability.

UNIT X
Time series - Different Components - Trend and Seasonal Variations - Determination and elimination.

UNIT - XI
Index Numbers - Construction and uses - Different kinds of simple and weighted index numbers - Reversal tests - construction and use of cost of living index numbers.

UNIT-XII
OR Models - Linear Programming problems - Simples method Dual - Primal, Assignment problems, Net work - CPM and PERT.

UNIT XIII
Basic programming - variables, constants and strings, flow charts - Basic expression and control statements, standard Library functions, subscripted variables DIM and DATA statements simple programming problems. Birth and death rates - Crude and standard death rates, Fertility rates - Life table construction and uses.

SOCIOLOGY

UNIT I

Sociology and social enquiry - scope of sociology - scientific status - methods - limitation - research design - Sources of data - tools of data collection.

UNIT II

Sociological theories - major contribution of Comte - spencer - Durkheim - Weber, Marx - Parsens and Merton

UNIT III

Social organization and social institution - society - origin - theories of origin - individual and society major social institutions - Marriage - family - religion - Culture.

UNIT IV

Social groups and social stratification - primary and secondary groups - in group and out group - reference group - ethnocentrism - form of stratification - caste and class.

UNIT V

Social process and social change:- socialisation associative and disassociative process - social control - factors of social change process of social change.

UNIT VI

Rural Societyand Rural Development - Chracterristics of rural society - rural problem of in India - land reforms - rural development - panchayath Raj.

UNIT VII

Tribal society:- Tribal community and their distributions - disabilities of tribal peoples - welfare and development - constitutional measures and safe guards.

UNIT VIII

Urban society:- Chareteristics of urban society - urban social problems - slum - alcoholism - crime - prostitutuion - urban development and planning. UNIT IXPopulation analysis: Variables of populations fortility - mortality - migration - size, distribution - Composition - Population policy of India - population control - small family norm. UNIT XSocial Disorganization - Individual and social disorganization deviance - problems of minorities, BCs and SCs problems of women.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

UNIT I
INTRODUCTION:-
1. Meaning, nature, scope and importance of Public administration.
2. Private Administration, Vs. Public Administration.
3. Evolution of Public Administration as a discipline
4. Arts or Science
5. Approaches to the study of Public Administration.
6. Relationship of Public Administration with other Social Sciences.

UNIT II
ORGANISATION - PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES:-
1. Organisation and its bases.
2. Principles of Organisation
a) Hierarchy
b) Span of Control
c) Unity of Command
d) Co-ordination
e) Authority and responsibility
f) Delegation of Autority
g) Centralisation Vs. Decentralisation
h) Integration Vs. Disintegration.

3. THEORIES OF ORGANISATION
a) Classical Theory
b) Scientific Management Theory
c) Bureaucratic Theory
d) Human RelationsTheory

UNIT III
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE:-
1. Meaning and Importance of Organisational Structure.
2. Chief Executive.
3. Line, Staff and Auxiliary Agencies.
4. Departments.
5. Public Corporations.
6. Boards and Commission
7. Government Companies.

UNIT IV
MANAGEMENT:-
1. Meaning and Importance of Management
2. Planning
3. Policy Making and Decision Making
4. Leadership
5. Control and Supervision
6. Communication

UNIT V
PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION:-
1. Nature and Importance of Public Personnel Administration
2. Position - Classificaiton
3. Recruitment and Selection
4. Training
5. Promotion
6. Compensation
7. Retirement
8. Employer - Employee relationship

UNIT VI
FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION:-
1. Nature and Importance of Financial Administration
2. Budget and its Principles
3. Budgetary Process
4. Performance Budget
5. Finance Ministry
6. Finance Committees
7. Comptroller and Auditor - General of India.

UNIT VII
COMPARATIVE ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION:-
1. Meaning nature and Scope of Comparative Administration
2. Comparative study of the Administrative Systems of U.K., U.S.A., France, and Switzerland. 3. Concept, Scope and Significance of Development Administration
4. Administration for Development
5. Developmental Programmes in India
6. People's Participation in Development Process

UNIT VIII
INDIAN ADMINISTRATION:-
1) Evolution of the Indian Administration
2) Constitutional framework of Indian Administration
3) The President
4) Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers
5) Cabinet Secretariat
6) Central Secretariat
7) Planning Commission and N.D.C.
8) Constitutional Authorities
9) Union - State relations
10) All India and Central Services.
11) U.P.S.C. and Staff Selection Commission
12) Administrative Reforms

UNIT IX
STATE, DISTRICT AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION:-
1. Governor
2. Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers
3. State Secretariat
4. Revenue Board
5. State Civil Services
6. District Administration and District Collector
7. Urban Governments
8. Panchayat Raj Institutions

UNIT X
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY:-
1. Executive Control over Administration
2. Parliamentary Control over Administration
3. Judicial Control over Administration
4. Impact of Political Parties, Pressure groups and Mass Media on Administration.

PSYCHOLOGY

UNIT I
INTRODUCTIONPsychology as a behavioural Science, Fields and Methods of Psychology.

UNIT II
ATTENTION AND PRECEPTION actors and kinds of Attention, Perceptual constancies, Internal and external influences on Perception, Errors in Perception E.S.P.

UNIT III
LEARNINGClassical conditioning, Operant Conditioning Trail and Error learning, Insight, Imitation. Learning as a congnitive process, Optimizing Learning - Programmed learning, Automated Instruction, Transfer of learning, Massed versus spaced learning, Reward and punishment. Kinds of memory - Short term and long term memory. Methods of improving memory - cases and types of forgetting.

UNIT IV
MOTIVATION AND EMOTION Physiological needs as determinants of behaviour - Needs, drivers, Incentives, Appetites & Aversions, Types of Motivation - Primary and Secondary; Physiology of Emotion, Types, Theories of Emotion; Stress - causes, Effects and coping with stressors.

UNIT V
CONGNITINE PROCESSES Intelligence - Definition, Determinants, Theories, Test, Thinking - Nature, Images and thinking, Languages and thinking. Problem solving and creativity - Process and factors.

UNIT VI
PERSONALITYDefinition, Determinants, Theories - Type, and Trait Psychoanalytic, Social Learning, Humanistic, Assessment - Interview, Rating Scales, Inventories, Projective tests.

UNIT VII
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOURNeurosis, Psychosis, Mental Retardation, Pscho, Physiological Disorders, Behaviour Disorders.

UNIT VIII
ADJUSTMENT AND MENTAL HEALTHDefence Mechanism and adjustment, conflicts, Frustration, and prejudices, Factors affecting and enchancing mental health.

UNIT IX
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOURMethods of Personnel Selection and Training Occupational Information-Job information, Job analysis, Job evaluations, Methods and uses; Factors affecting and enhancing job - Satisfaction.

UNIT X
PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIETYFactors of Attraction, Nature of Attitudes, Group processes - Cohesiveness, Morale, social climate, Leadership - Characteristics Types and Functions of a leader, contemporary social problems - poverty, Illiteracy, Population growth, umemployment, Anti Social behaviour, Communal disharmony

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

UNIT I
State - Elements - Distinction between state, Society, Associations, Government, Community and Nation. Nature, ends and Fucntions of the State. Sovereignty - Law - Liberty - Equlity - Rights and Duties.

UNIT II
Democracy - individualism - Liberalism - Marxism - Socialism - Gandhism.

UNIT III
Plato - Aristotle - Machiavelli - Hobbes - Locke - Rousseau - Marx.

UNIT IV
Constitution - Classification of coustitutions - Theory of seperation of powers - Political systems of U.K.

UNIT V
Political systems of U.S.A, France and Switzerland

UNIT VI
Indian constitutional development - National movement - Constitution making - Salient features - Fundamental Rights. Directive Principles of State policy.

UNIT VII
Union Executive - Union Legislature - Union Judiciary - State Machinery - Regionalism - Communalism - Political parties Social and political movements in tamil Nadu.

UNIT VIII
Nature and scope of Public Administration - Private and Public Administration - Principles of organization - Management - Decision making - Policy formulation - supervision - O & M whitely councils.

UNIT IX
Personnel Administration - Recruitment - Training - Position Classification - Retirement - Corruption - Financial Administration Budget - Auditing and Accounting - Local Government and Panchayath Raj.

UNIT X
Scope of International Relations - Post world war II - International order - approachs to study of International Relations - Power Theory - Balance of Power - Collective Security - Disarmament - Cold war - Non-alignment - U.N.O Regionalism - India and Neighbours and west Asia.

PHYSICS

UNIT I
MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY Centre of gravity - centre of gravity of a solid hemisphere Hollow hemisphere - Tetrahedron and solid cone - Friction - Laws of Friction - Cone of Friction - angle of Friction - Equilibrium of a body in a Inclined plane - Impulse - Impact Laws of Impact - Direct and oblique impact - impact between two spheres - Loss of Kinetic Energy - Movement of Inertia - Angular momentum and Kinetic Energy of a revolving body - Moment of Inertia of a sphere, shell and cylinder - compound pendulum - Newton's laws and their limitations - postulates of special theory of relativity - Lorentz Transformation equations and its applications - variation of Mass with velocity - Mass - energy equivalance - Physical significance.

UNIT II
PROPERTIES OF MATTERModulur of Elasticity - Relations - couple per unit twist Torsional oscillation - Bending of beams - Unifirm and Non uniform Bending - Elastic constants and their determinations Kepaler's Laws - Gravitational conshytant and their determination variation of 'g' - Viscosity of liquids - Highly viscous liquids stokes and searles method. Lubricants - surface Tension - capillary rise - Method of drops - Surface Tension of mercury - quincke's Method - Laws of osmotic pressure and experimental determination - Ficks laws of diffusion Analog with heat conduction - Determination of diffusivity - Applications.

UNIT III
HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICSSpecific heat capacity of gasses - Mayer's relation - Experimental determination of CP and CV - Amagat and Andraw's Experiment - Vanderwaal's equation - critical constants and vanderwaals constant - Merits and demerits - J K effect - Theory and experiment - Lique faction of gasses - Hydrogen, oxygen, air, Helium - Thermnal conductivity - Forbe's method - stefan's law experimental determination - solar constant - Temperature of the sun.First law and second laws of thermodynamics - Isothermal and adiabatic change - carnot's engine - carnot cycle and Carnot's therorem - Entrophy - reversible and irreversible process - Maxwell's thermodynamical relations and its applications Third law of thermodynamics - Debye's theory of specific heat.

UNIT IV
WAVES AND OSCILLATIONSSimple harmonic motion - Composition of two SHMS along a straight line and at right angles - Lissajou's figures - Laws of transverse vibrations - verification by sonometer and Melde's string - Forced vibrations and resonance - Beats - Dopplor effect velocity of sound insolids and gasses - theory and experiment - ultrasonics - production, properties and applications - Acoustics of buildings.

UNIT V
OPTICSDefects of images - spherical aberration - enromatie aberration and their rectifications - eyepiece - Ramsden's and Huygen's eyepieces - interference - colours of thin films - Newton's rings - theory and experiment - diffraction - Fressnel and Fraunhofer types - Zone plate and diffraction grating - Prism spectra and grating spectra - dispersive and resolving power of a grating - Double refraction - Huygen's explanation - Nicol prism - Quarter and half wave plates - production and detection of plane, circular and elliptically polarised light - optical activity - Determination of specific rotatory power - polarimeter.

UNIT VI
SPECTROSCOPPYUV and IR Spectroscopy - production, detection and applicaiton - Raman effect - Explanation on the basis of quantum theory - Experimental arrangements - Application of Raman effect - Optical fiber - fiber optic sensors - Fibre optic communication systems and their advantages - Lasers - stimulated emission - population inverstion - Ruby and Neon Lasers and applications.

UNIT VII
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISMCoublom's law - Permitivity of free space - relative permitivity - electric field - Intensity of field due to a point charge - Guass theorem and its application - Electric potential - relation between potential and intensity - Electric dipole moment - potential and intensity due to a dipole- Electical images and its applications - capacitance - capacity of a spherical, parallel and cylinderical capacitors - Energy of a charge capacitor - Electrometers - measurement of potential and dielectric constant - ohm's law - Resistivity and conductivity - Internal resistance of a cell - EMF and Potential difference - Thermo Electricity - Peltier and Thomson Co Efficients - Laws of Electrolysis - Conductivity of an electrolyte 0 Arrheinius theory of electrolytic conduction - calculation of emf a of Daneil cell as reversible cell. Magnetic field arround a current carrying conductor - Biot and savart's law Ampere's law of magnetic force due to a current - Force between two current carrying parallel conductions Force on an electron moving in a magnetic field - Electron microscope - Faraday's laws of elctromagnetic induction - self and mutual inductance - Induction coils and its uses - Eddy currents - Transformers - Energy losses - Skin effect - Advantages of AC distribution over DUC - Dynamos and motors Magnetic poles - Magnetic moments - susceptibility relation between susceptibility and permeability - Hysteresis - Dia, para, ferra magnetism - Electromagnetic waves in free space - Velocity of light.

UNIT VIII
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICSKirchoff's laws for a loop and a junction - Measurements of circuit parameters (R,L and C) - AC circuits - complex impedance and phasor diagram - R-L and R-C, Circuits - Series and parallel resonant circuits - Sharpness or resonance q factor - Tuned transformer. Semiconductors - Energy bank theory of solid insulators conductors and semiconductors - intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors - Electrons and holes as charge carriers - P-type and n-type semiconductors - Junction diodes - Characteristic curve of a diode - Diode applications - Junction transistors - V - I characteristic of transistors - Rectifier, Amplifier and or oscillator circuits - AM and FM transmission with block diagrams - Basic principles of super hetrodyne receiver with block diagram - photo conductive cell - photo diode - solar cell - LED and LCD - construction and working. T.V. Camera - Vertical and Horizontal scanning - T.V. Transmission and reception with block diagrams - T.V. Antenna (Yogi type) - Colour TV - Three colour theory - Radar - radar becon - Uses of radar. Logic circuits - AND, OR, NOT NAND, NOR and EX-OR gates - Truth tables - Multivibrators - Flip flap circuits.

UNIT IX
MODERN PHYSICSCanal rays - e/m of positive ions - Thomson's parabola method - Aston's mass spectrograph - Plank's quantum theory of black body radiation - Photoelectric effect - photo electric multipliers - Eintein's equation for photo electric effect - Millikan's experiment - Determination of plank's constant. Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom sepectra of Hydrogen and Hydrogen like atoms - Rydberg's constant - stationary states - spacial quantisation - Sommer field atommodel - orbital quantum numbers - Electronic structres - Puuli's exclusion principle - Examples of electronic configuration - Magnetic moment due to orbital motion and electron spin - Bohr magneton - Vector atom model - Experimental verification - Fine structure of sodium D Line - Seeman effect - Anamalovs zeeman effect - Therorectical explanation - Wave nature of particles - De Broglie waves - Davisson and germer experiments - waves and particle duality - Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle - Schrodinger equation - Probability amplitude - Particle in a box (one dimension only)

UNIT X
NUCLEAR AND SOLID STATE PHYSICSProperties of nucleus - size, charge, mass and spin - Nuclear magnetic dipole moment - Binding energy - Packing fractions - Nuclear forces - Nuclear models - shell model and liquid drop model - Nuclear reactions - induced ratio activity - Artificial transmutation Techniques - Application of Radio isotopes - Discovery, Production and detection of neutron - Accelerattors - Betatron - Proton Synchotron - Particle Detectors - Ionization chamber - GM counter - Elementary particle - lBaryons and Leptons - Cosmicrays. Structure of crystals - periodicity and plane in crystale - symmetry elements and symmettry groups - classificatiodn of crystals unit cell Bond and crystal types - ionic, covalent, metallic and Vanderwall's. X-rays - Bragg's law and absorption of X rays - Mosley's law - complon effect

PHILOSOPHY

UNIT I
INDIAN PHILOSOPHY:Common features, Theism in the Vedas, Central teachings of the Upanisads, Gita - Niskama Karma

UNIT II
Schools of Indian Philosophy: Outlines of Oprthodox and Heterdox schools, Arambhavada, Parin-ama vada, Vivartayada, Khyativadas.

UNIT III
Social Philosophy: Thiruvalluvar, Universal brother - hood of vallalar, work - ethic of Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi's concept of Non - Violence, Self respect movement of E.V. Ramasamy.

UNIT IV
Indian Ethics:- Concept of Rta, Purusarthas, Varnasrama, Dharma, Family as an ethical institution.

UNIT V
Indian Logic: Pramanas, - Pratyaksa concept of Vyapti, structure of the five - membered Syllogism, Sabda, upamana

UNIT VI
Western Philosophy: Common features of western thought, Relation between logic, Theory of knowledge, Methaphysics and Ethics.

UNIT VII
Logic and Scientific Method: Traditional classification of propositions, square of oppostion obversion conversion. Rules of the categorical syllegism with fallacies: Difference between Deduction and Induction. Stages of Scientific Induction, characteristics of hypothesis, observation and experiment.

UNIT VIII
Greak and Medievai Philosophy: Socratic method, Plat's Idealism, Aristotles, analysis and causality: Augustines theory of knowledge, Anselm's proofs for the existence of God; Aquinas' Theory of knowledge and concept of Trinity.

UNIT IX
Modern Philosophy: Desearte's method of Doubt, Body-Mind problem: Spinoza's concept of substance, Attributes and Modes; Monadology of Leibnitz; Locke on Primary and Secondary qualities, Berkaley's refutation of matter and his Idealism, David Hume on Substance and causality; Kantian Synthesis of Rationalism and Empricism.

UNIT X
Western Ethics: Ancient Hedonism, utilitarianism of Betham and J.S. Mill, Intuitionism of Butler; Kant's catagorical imperative; Bradley's - 'My station and Duties'.

MEDICAL SCIENCES

BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES ANATOMY

1. GENETICS:- Structure and function of gene and anatomy of geneme, Classification of genetic disorders, Chromosomal disorders/Cancer genetics, Genetic counselling, Prenatal diagnosis, Cone theraphy.
2. GENERAL ANATOMY:- General Embryology, Embryology relating to Cardiovascular, respiratory, Urogenital, alimentary and Nervous system, Osteology.
3. APPLIED ANATOMY:- Cardiovascular System:- Orientation of the heart, Coronary circulation, Nerve supply of the heart, Electrical conduction system.
4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:- Surface anatomy, Gross anatomy, Lobes, Segments, C Pleura Mediastinum & Thoracic Cage-Histology. Lung Defences.
5. ALIMENTARY TRACT AND PANCREAS:- Teeth/Oral cavity, Oro-Pharynx - Oesophagus - Alimentary Tract & Pancreas - blood supply, nervous supply, Lymphatic draniage, Congenital and genitic abnormalities of Alimentary tract and Pancreas.
6. LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM
7. CONNECTIVE TISSUES, JOINTS & BONES.
8. ERVOUS SYSTEM:- 1. Motor System:- Pyramidal/Extra pyramidal system/Cerebellum, 2. Sensory system 3.Reflex activity, 4. Control of bladder & Sphincters 5. Cranial Nerves.
9. LYMPHOID ORGANS:- Applied Microbiology, Sterilisation, disinfection, Bacterias, Mycobacterum, Fungus, Viral Chlamydial, rickettsial. Streptococcus, Staphyloccus, Cornybacteria, bacillus, Bordetella, Salmonella, Mycobacteria - TB, Leprae, atynical Mycobacteria, Viruses - RNA - Arena viruses, Bunya viruses. Filoviruses, Paramy-Xoviruses, Picorna viruses. (HIV) - Retroviruses, Rhabdoviruses, arboviruses, Tegaviruses, DNA - Herpesviruses, Rapoviruses, Pexviruses. Mycoses - Cutaneous - Subcutaneous fungal infection systemic fungal infection.

SPIROCHECOTES:- Leptospira, Borrelia, Treponema, Immune responses & inflammation, Allergy,Hyper sensitity, Transplantation & graft rejection automminuty and protozoa, Helminthes, Arthropods.
APPLIED PATHOLOGY:- Injuries
GENERAL PATHOLOGY:- Inflammation, Wound healing, Infections, neoplasia, Immuno responses & inflammation.

I. CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM:- Cardiomyopathy, Pericardial diseases, Valvular diseases, Endocarditis, Aneurysms.

II. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:- Tuberculosis, Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysama, Asthma, Pnumonia, Branchogenic Carrinomia, Suppurative diseases of the lung, adult respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory involvement in connective tissue disorder, Trachietis, Laryngitis, Pleural diseases.

III. ALIMENTARY TRACT & PANCREAS

IV. R.LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM

V. MUSCULASKELETAL SYSTEM

VI. SKIN

VII. RENAL SYSTEM:- Glomerular Nephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome, Renal failure, Congenital Abnormalities of the kidneys, Tumours of the kidney & Genito urinary tract, Calculi in Renal system.

VIII. BLOOD:- Disorders of erythrocytes, Disorders of white cells, Blood transfusion, Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Urogenital system.IX. ONCOLOGY

X. PATHOTOGY

XI. NERVOUS SYSTEM:- Coma, brain death, cerebral tumours, cerebro vascular, disorders, Parkinsonium, diseases of muscles, Peripheral nerves, spinal cord.

APPLIED BIO-CHEMISTRYLiver Function Tests, Renal Function Tests, Major Electrolyte disorders - Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium, disorders (Same as in Bio-chemistry), Acid Base disorders, Calcium metabolism, Lipid metabolism, Porphyra.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:- Hormones Estimation, (Hypothalamus/Pituitary gland), Thyroid Hormones, Parathormone, Corticosteroids, Catecholamines, Hyperglycaemia/Hypoglycania.

APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM:- Myocardial contraction, factors influencing cardiac output, factors influencing resistance to coronary blood flow/systemic blood flow, physiological basis of physical signs.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:- Ventilation, blood flow and diffusion, lung function tests as applied to obstructive airways/restrictive airways disease.

ALIMENTARY TRACT AND PANCREAS:- Controlling/Co-ordinating mechanism/Secretions, absorption, Defence mechanism.

PHYSIOLOGY OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTES:- Major electrolyte disorders, Hypernatraemia, Hyponatraemia, Hypo and Hyperkalaemia, Sodium and water excess.

LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM:- Temperature Regulation, renal function tests, Physiology of skeletal muscle.

ENDOCRINOLOGY:- Adrenal Corticosteroids, Antagonist, Corticotrophin, Thyroid hormones, Hypothalami, Pituitary hormones, sex hormones, contraception. BLOOD:- Blood cell formation, stem and progenitel cells, Assessment of haematological parameters.

NERVOUS SYSTEM:- Sensory and Motor - Functions, Speech, vision, control of bladder and sphineters, sleep, pain.

APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM:- Anti ischaemic drugs (Anti anginal drugs), anti hypertensives, antifailure drugs, drugs used in cardiac dysrhythmia, drugs used in shock, hypotension, sympathomimetics, hyperlipidaemis, antiarrythesic drugs.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:- Antituberculous drugs, antiasthmatic drugs, antibiotics, antifungal, anticancer drugs, cough suppressants, mycolytics, expectorants, antihistamics. Alimentary tract - pancreas, liver biliary tract, drugs for peptic ulcer, drugs for vomiting, antiemetics and prokinetic drugs, drugs for constipation, misuse of laxatives, drugs for diarrhoea, drugs for abnormal gut motility, drugs for inflammatory bowel disease, drug induced liver injury, drugs used to dissolve gall stones, digestive enzymes.

KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT:- Diuretic drugs, carbonic anhydrase, inhibitors.

ONCOLOGY:- Principles of Management, Principles of Chemotherapy, Principles of Endocrine therapy.

NERVOUS SYSTEM:- Analegesics - Narcotics/OPO',D, Hypnotics/Anxiolytic agents, Classification and dosage of psychotropic drugs, Neuroleptics, Antidepressants, MAOls, Lithium, Psychostimulants, Appetite Control, Amphetamines, Xanthines, Antiepileptics, Antiparkinsonian Drugs, Psychodysleptics (or) hallucinogens, Drug dependance.

ENDOCRINOLOGY:- Adrenal Steroids & their synthetic analogues, Antidiabetic agents - insulin, Oral Hypoglycaemic agents, Thyroid Hormones, Antithyroid drugs.

BLOOD:- DRUGS ACTING;- Coagulation System, Fibronolytic System, Plaletes, Iron Therapy, Vitamins - B12 /Folic Acid, Haemopoictic growth factor.

ANAESTHESIA AND NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCK:- General Anaesthesia, Pharmacology of Anaesthetic, Inhalation agents, Intravenous anaesthetics, Muscle relaxants, Neuro Muscular Blocking Drug Local anaesthetics, Obstetric analgesia/anaesthesia, anaesthesia in diseased, old age, Childhood, Sedation in intensive therapy units.

ARTHRITIS & ANTIINFLOAMMATORY DRUGS. INFECTION:- Chemotherapy, anti-bacterial drugs, chemrotherapy of bacterial infections, Chemotherapy of viral, fungal, protozoal and helinthic infection.

DRUGS & SKIN:- Vehicles for delivering drugs to skin, topical analgesia, antipruritis, adrenocortical steroids, Sun screens, Sun burn and Photosensktris.

POISONING/DRUG OVERDOSE/ANTIDOTES Indiscriminate use of drugs/Antimicrobials in Foetus, Newborn, Infants, adults and in special situations like Hepatitis, Renal problems, Diabetes, etc

1. GENETICS:
1. Single Gene disorders
2. Chromosomal disorders
3. Multifactorial disorders 4. Management, treatment and prevention of genetic disease.

2. IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASES.

3. Climatic and environmental factors producing diseases. a) disorders of heat/cold/altitude/barametric pressure/pollution both indoor and outdoor. b) Diseases due to infections (Bacterial, Viruses, Spinochaetes, fungi, protozoa, helminths, arthropods)

4. DISEASES OF THE CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM:-Symptoms and signs in a CVS, ECG, exercise-stress, ECG Holter, monitory, radiology, ECHO, cardiac catheterisation and angiography, radio nucleotide scanning (PET) disorders of heart rate, rhythm and conduction, ischaenie, heart disease, vascular disease, diseases of the heart valves, congenital heart, diseases, diseases of the mynocardium endocardium, and pericardium.

5. DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:- Symptoms and signs in respiratory system. Lung function test, spirometry, body box, diffusion studies imaging sciences chest, x-ray, computed tomography, MRI, Ventilation perfusion imaging, pulmonary angiography, endoscopy-laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy both rigid and flexible, mediastroscopy, Pleural aspiration & thoracoscopy skin tests. Immunological & Serological, tests, Microbiological, Histopathological and Cytological examinations. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases Bronchail Asthma, upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia tuberculosis. respiratory diseases caused by fungi, tumours of the bronchus and lung, interstitial and infiltrative pulmonary diseases. Diseases of nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, dieseases of pleura, diaphragm and cheat wall.

6. Alimentrary tract and pancreas, Hepato biliary system, symptoms and signs of the alimentray tract, pancreas, hepato biliary system. Investigations:- Plain radiographs, barium studies, CT, MRI, Artenography, Interventional radiology, ultrasonography, radionucleitide imaging, endoscopy - (rigid and flexible), sigmoidoscopy, oesophagoscope ERCP, Proctoscopy, Biopsies, secretary studies, motility studies, stool examination, liver function tests, diseases of the mouth, oesophagus. stomach and duodenum, gastro intestinal haemoorhage, acute abdomen, disease of small intestine, irritable bowel disease, diseases of the large intestine, diseases of the pancreas, acute and chronic parenchymal liver disease, tumours of the liver, liver transplantation, liver abscess gall bladder and other biliary diseases.

7. WATER - ELECTROLYTE - ACID BASE BALANCE DISTURBANCES:- Serum electrolyte estimation.ABG, Major electrolyte disorders, acid base disorders, calcium, phosphate and Magnesium disorders.

8. NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN DISEASE Classification of Nutritional disorders. Energy yielding Nutrients, Protein Energy Mal-nutrition in -adults -children vitamins, Minerals, Nutrition support in hospital.

9. RENAL AND GENITOURINARY SYSTEM Symptoms and signs of renal involvement, Renal function tests. Glomerular diseases, infections of the kidney of urinary tract, obstruction of the urinary tract, urinary tract calculi and nephrocalcimosis, congenital abnormalities of the kidneys, Drugs and kidney, tumours of the kidney and genitouinary tract.

10. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISEASES INCLUDING DIABETES MELLITIES Symptoms and signs pertaining to various endocrine organs, disorders of Hyopothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, Reproductive organs. Diabetis Mellities and other metabolic disorders - like lipid, porphynia, etc.

11. DISEASES OF THE BLOOD: Disorders of the erythrocytes, white cells, blood transfusion, haemostasis, venous thrombosis.

12. DISEASES OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES JOINTS AND BONES Back disorders, Regional periarticular or "soft tissue " disorders, crystal deposition diseases, Inflammatory Joint disease, connective tissue disease, diseases of bone disorders of collagen and proteoglycan and neoplastic disease of bone, Osteoarthritis and related disorders.

13. DISEASES OF THE SKIN: Eczemas, Erythematous scaly eruptions, disorders of the pilosebaceous unit, skin ulceration due to vascular disease, Dullous diseases, skin reactions to light, disorders of pigmentation, hair and nails and skin tumours.

14. PSYCHIATRY:- Clalssification of Psychiatric disorders, altiological factors. Causes of acute confusional state, features of alcohol abuse and dependence, Physical sequele of alchohol abuse, factors associated with increased suicidal risk after deliberate self harm.

TREATMENTS USED IN PSYCHIATRY:-Clinical Syndromes - Organic Psychiatric disorders, substance misuse, Schizophrenia, affective disorders, Neurotic, Stress - related and somatoform disorders, eating disorders, sleep disorders, Sexual dysfunctions, puerperial mental disorders, personality disorders, factitious disorders. Special aspects of psychiatry like, Psychiatric problems in Hospital and community. Legal aspects of psychiatry.

15. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM:-Disorders affecting cranial Nerves.(I to XII) cerebral tumours, headache, facial pain, epilepsy, cerebrovascular disorders, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, Infections of the nervous system. Diseases of the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, disorders of sleep, degenerative disorders. Nutritional neurological diseases, paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Investigations of the Nervous system.

CLINICAL EXAMINATION:-Imaging - Planning radiology, contrast radiology(angiography - DSA-Digital sub-traction angiography) Myelography & radiculography pneumoencephalography, computed tomography, Magnetie Resonance Imaging - MRI - Radionucleotide cerebral scanning, Emission computed tomography. CLINICAL

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY:-Electroencephalography(EEG) Evoked Poteritial Recording Biochemical
Tests:- Tests of Muscle breakdown and tests for specific disorders, Tests of autonomie, Nemous systems. CSF Examination.

16. GERIATRIC MEDICINE:- Normal old age, Effects of ageing on the pharmocokinectis and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Stroke Rehabilitation, Nonspecific presentation of disease in the elderly, common causes of falls, faceal and urinary mcontenence in elderly.

17. ACUTE POISONING:-Clinical Features and management of Common acute poisonings. Prevention of acute poisoning.

18. EMERGENCY MEDICINE:-Cardiopulmonary Resuscatation (CPR), Advanced Cardiac life
support(ALLS)

19. HIV infection and AIDS.

20. The eye as a diagnostic indicator of systemic disease.

21. Otorhino laryngology for non-specialist Ear/Pharyngeal & laryngeal diseases.

22. Labyrinth/Nasal Obstructum. Neck Swellings, Cysts - Salivary

23. Paediatrics:Growth & development, Nutritional Status, antenatal paediatrics, care of New born & premature babies. Immunisation programme - WHO - National, Infant feeding, common birth injuries, diarhoerial disorders, Acute respiratory infections, Phoumenias - parasitic infections, Neurological disorders, Congenital & acquired cardiovascualr, renal & Metabolic disorders, Hepatie & blood disorders, Childhood Malignaucies, chromosomal & genetic disorders, Child survival & Development, Revolution - antenatal care, growth monitoring, oral Rehydration, breast feedings, immunisation etc. Child abuse.

24. SURGERY:-Infection, wound healing, water/electrolytes/,. Nutrition in surgical patients, shock, Hypothermia, Preoperative and post operative care, Oxygen theraphy, Management of emergencies, Surgical/Orthopaedics, Multiple system injuries, Fractures & dislocation, What first and measures to be adopted? Burns/Organ transplantation, Varicose veins, vonous thrombosis, peripheral arterial disease, paranychia, Tenosynovilies, Infection of palmar spaces. Bursitis, amputation, artificial limbs, Breast examination, oral cavity - carcinoma, Head injuries & management at the PHC/district hospital level. Actue abdomen, Pneumothora, Haemothro, Radio diagnosis of the emergency conditions - like Du Perforations, fractures etc. Thorasic, abdominal & Pelvic injuries to be recognised, Hernias and Hydrocele. Examination of the patient. Anaesthesa in surgery.

25. GYNAECOLOGY/OBSTETRICS:- Infection of the genital tract, Tumours of the genital tract, investigations - Pap smear, colposcopy, Colpomicrosopy, fractunal curettage, ultrasono graphs, Laparoscopy, Hysteroscophy, family welfare programme, Breast examination:- Antenatal check up, high Risk Pregnancy, Prevention of low birth weight, babies, Maternal changes during pregnancy in CVS, respiratory system and renal fucntion. PREGNANCY:- Special circumstances - protein Energy Malnutrition, Diabetes, Anaemia, Heart diseases, Malaria, TB, HIV, STD, Infective Hepatitis, Pregnancy and Blood loss, Pregnancy and infection, Pregnancy and Blood transfusion, Anaesthesia.

26. COMMUNITY MEDICINE:-
1.Health statistics
2.Epidemiology
3.Communicable Diseases - Small pox - influenza - Measles - Typhoid fever - Cholera - Malaria - Rabies anthrax-Nosocomial infections - Food poisioning - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
4.Environmental Health and Exposure to chemical
5.Hygiene and Sanitation (including rural sanitation)
6.Public Health Services.
7.Preventive priorities: Hypertension - Family planning - maternal and Child health - Genetic Screening - Surveillance and control of infections diseases - immunization - sexually transmitted diseases - Occupational safety and health Surveillance and control of toxic agents in the Environment - Accident prevention and injury control - Smoking - Alcohol and Drug Abuse - Nutrition.
8.Principles of health Education.
9.Regional and National health Programmes including social, maternity and Child Health, more emphasis on population/HIV/Leptospiorios, trophical diseases, mother and child health care programme WHO PROGRAMME.

MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES:-
a)To manage acute anaphylactic shock
b)To manage perivascular failure and shock
c)to manage Acute Pulmonary Oedema and LVF.
d)Emergency management of Drowning, Poisoning and Seizures
e)emergency Management of Bronchial Asthma & status Asthmaticus .
f)Emergency Management of Hyperpyrexia
g)Emergency management of Comatose Patients Regarding Airways, Positioning, Prevention of Aspiration and injuries
h)Management of Burns
i)Management of various trauma, Victims
j)Medico legal cases:- Formalities in cases of Injury poisoning, Sexual offenses, Intoxication and other unnatural conditions.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT I
APPLIED MECHANICS AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Statics of particle - Resolution of forces - Supports and reactions - Moments of Inertia - Velocity and acceleration of particles - Newton's secondlaw - Direct stress and Strain - Hook's Law - Poission Ratio - Bending Moment and Shearing forces - Bending Stresses in Beams - Torsion of shafts.

UNIT II
THERMODYNAMICS Energy - Work - heat properties - States - Processes energy equation - work and PV diagrams - Laws of thermodynamics (I & II Law) - Thermodynamics cycles (Otto, Diesel and Brayton) - Gas Laws - perfect gas relationships - principle of refrigeration - refrigeration cycles - simple vapour compression system - psychrometric chart - simple air conditioning processes.

UNIT III
FLUID MECHANICS AND TURBOMACHINERY Classification of fluids - fluid properties - Ideal fluid flow - Rotational, irrotational flow - Bernoulli's equation - flow through pipes - pipes in series and parallel - Laminar and Turbulent flow - concept of Reynold's number, machnumber - definition and classification of turbo machines equation for energy transfer - Centrifugal fans, blowers and compressors, axial flow fans and compressors - axial turbine stages - hydraulic turbines - Pelton wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbine.

UNIT IV
IC ENGINES AND POWER PLANT ENGINEERING Engine classification - working of S. I. Engine, C.I. engine, two stroke engine, four stroke engines, engine performances - Indicated power, brake power - specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency - steam power cycles - Layout and location of steam, diesel, nuclear, hydro-electric and gas turbine power plants - pollution and environmental problems.

UNIT V
GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION Energy equation for flow process - velocity of sound mach number - effect of mach number on compressibility - Isentropic flow with variable area, Fanno flow and Rayleigh flow - Aircraft propulsion - Jet engines - energy flow - thrust power and propultive efficiency - performances of jet engine and rocket engines - solid and liquid propellant rockets - comparison of various propulsion systems.

UNIT VI
THEORY OF MACHINES Kinematics of mechanisms - link pair - inversions of mechanism four bar chain - slider crank mechanisms - motion and inertia - gyroscope - friction - Laws of solid friction - clutches and bearings - Belt, rope, chain drives, toothed gears - gear trains - lubrication and lubricants - flywheel and governors - balancing of rotating masses - critical speed of rotating shafts - mechanical vibration - damping with forced vibrations (Single degree)

UNIT VII
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS WITH CAD Design of welded joints - Design of flange coupling - Helical and leaf springs - Design of journal and thrust bearings - Design and selection of flat belts - Design of spur, helical, worm and wolm, wheel and bevel gears - elements of CAD system - Geometric modeling - stress analysis, kinematic analysis and dynamic analysis.

UNIT VIII
PRODUCTION AND MACHINING PROCESSES Metal forming processes - forging, drawing and rolling - Metal casting processes - sand casting, gravity die casting - Metal cutting tools - tool materials and geometry of tools - jig and fixtures - maching tools - lathe, milling, drilling, grinding, processes, finishing processes - honing, lapping, super finishing processes - Gears and gear manufacturing - NC and CNC, FMS - CIM and Robotics.

UNIT IX
METROLOGY AND INSTRUMENTATION Elements of measurement systems, range, span, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and repeatability of instrument - errors in measurement system - measurement of pressure, temperature, speed, strain and force (load cells) precision instruments slip gauges, comparators, Interchangability, limit gauges - measurement of surface finish - measurement of screw thread, gear tooth.

UNIT X
QUALITY CONTROL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Statistical quality control - control charts and acceptance sampling - work study techniques - basic procedure - production planning and control - inventory control - plant layout and material handling - linear programming PERT and CPM

MATHEMATICS

UNIT I
Basic Mathematics: Binomial, Exponential, Logrithmic series, summation of infinite series and approximation promblems. L Hospitals' rule, point wise convergence of sequence of functions, uniform convergence of sequences of funcitons, Consequences of Uniform convergence, Taylor's series. Theory of numbers :Prime and Composite numbers - Decomposition of composite number, Divisor of N, Euler function (N), Highest power of prime p contained in N. Divisibility of the product of r consecutive integers by r! Format's & Wilson's Theorems. Vector Spaces & Inner product spaces : Definitions and euqation of Vector space, subspace, liner Independence - bases - Dimension, Dual spaces, Inner products Spaces Orthogonality - Orthogonal complement.

UNIT II
ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY: Pairs of Straight lines - Angle between them - related problems - conditions for second degree equation to represent pair of straight line or Circle - System of Circles - Orthogonal and Coaxial system - Radical axis and radical centre - Limiting point - conics - parabola, ellipse and hyperbola - polar equations to straight line, circle and conic.Dimensions : Equation of a sphere with given centre and radius - General form of the euqation of a sphere - Diameter from - Circular section, tangent plane to a sphere - Radical plane - Coaxial system of spheres - Orthogonality - Equation of a Cone with its Vertex at the origin - Equation of a quadratic cone with given vertix and given guiding curve - necessary and sufficient condition for a general second degree equation to represent a cone, right circular cone - euqation of enveloping cone - general equation of a cylider - right circular cylinder.

UNIT III
CALCULUS: Differential:- Higher order derivatives Leibnitz's theorem - simple problems using the above theorem. Maxima and Minima - conditions for external value - Standard function only - curvature - radius of curvature (Cartesian Co-ordinates only)Partial Differentiation: Total differentiation Coefficieng, Valvue of dy/dx and d2y/dx2 in case of implicit functions in x and y in terms of partial derivatives, Total differential, Jacobians. Integral:Methods of integration, Integration of rational and irrational algebraic functions, Bernaulli's formula for Integration by parts, reduction formulae - properties of difinite Integrals. Evaluation of double and triple integrals, change of order of integration, Double Integrals in polar Co-ordinates, application of double & triple Integrals to area, volume. Evaluation of Define integrals using Beta and gamma functions.

UNIT IV
STATICS: Gradient, Divergence, Curl, solenoidal & irrotational vectors, Directional derivative, Unit vector normal to a surface, tangent and normal planes to a surface Ñ2, expansion formulea, Ordinary integrals of Vectors, line integrals, surface intergrals and volume Integrals. Gass stock, Green's theorems. Parallelogram and Triangle laws of force, Lamis theorem, parallel forces, moments, couples, three forces acting on a rigid body, conditons for equiliburium of Co-planar forces.Forces in 3 dimensions, Invariance of F2, Friction, Centre of Gravity, method of symmetry for uniformbodies like thin rod, thin parallelogram, Circular ring & lamina triangular lamina, trapezium lamina.

UNIT V
REAL ANALYSIS: Set and functions, sequences of real numbers - Definition, Limit, Convergent and divergent sequences, bounded sequences, monotonice sequence, series of real numbers, limit superior, Limit inferior, Cauchy, Sequence, convergent & divergent sequence, series with non-negative terms, alternating series.Series of real numbers: rearrangement of series, Tests of absolute Covergence.Limits & matric spaces: Limit of a function on the real line, matric spaces, limits in matric spaces. Continuous functions on matric spaces, functions continuous at a point on the real line, reformulation, function continious on a matric space, open sets, closed sets, Discontinuous functions on 'R' Connectedness, Complexness and Compactness.

UNIT VI
OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND LINER PROGRAMMING: Origin and development of O.R. - Nature and characteristics of O.R. Models in O.R. General solutions, methods for O.R. models - uses and limitations of O.R. Linear Programming: Formulation of problems, Graphical solution - standard form. Definition of basic solution. degenerate Simplex method, Definition of artifical variable. Tranportation problem: Definition solutions to transport problem - intial feasible solution - optimality test - Degenerary - Travelling sales man problem Sequencing: Processing n jobs through m machines.

UNIT VII
ALGEBRA: Set theory - Relations - types of relations - Venn diagram - Groups - Sub group - order of an element - cyclic groups - normal groups-quotient groups - order of a Group Lagrange's theorem - homomorphism, automorphims, Cayley's theorm of permutation groups. Rings: Definition, examples - special classes of rings - Homomorphism, ideals and quotient rings - field of quotients of an integral domain - Euclidean rings. Matrices: Types of matrices - operation on matrices, singular and non singular matrices - Rank of a matrix and consistence of equation, eigen values & eigen vectors. Cayley - Hamilton theorem. Similar matrices, Diagonalisation of a matrix.

UNIT VIII
DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY: Curvature, Radius and centre of curvature in Cartesian Co-ordinates, Evalute - curvature in Polar Co-ordinates, p-r equations, Angle between radius vector and tangent, Angle of intersection of two curves. Pedal equation of a curve, Envelopes, Asymptotes. Polar Co-ordinates : Equations of straight line, Circle in polars - equations of tangent, normal & polar Equations of Conics in polars - equations of tangent, normal, polar & asymptotes.

UNIT IX
DIRRERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Ordinary differential equations - first order but not of first degree. Total differntial equation Pdx + Qdy + Rdz = 0, second order differential equations with constant Co-efficients. P.I. for the polynomials and eaxv, where V is Xn, Cos mx, Sin mx, n and m are constants. Differential equations of second order with variable Co-efficients. Partial differential equations - formation of partial differential equations by elimination - Laplace transforms - Inverse laplace transform.

UNIT X
Dynamics: Virtual displacement, Principle of Virtual work. Kinematic: Velocity, Acceleration, components of velocity and acceleration work power, energy, Ractilinear motion - motion with constant acceleration - motion under gravity - motion along an inclined plane, motion under gravity in a resisting medium. Implusive forces and Impact: Implusive forces and Impact, Principles of Conservation of linear momentum, Collison of two smooth spheres - Direct impact of sphere on a fixed plane. Projectiles: Two dimensions motion of a particle - projectile, range on a horizontal plane - range on an inclined plane. Circular motion of a particle: Motion of a particle constrained to move along a smooth verticle circle under gravity - circular pendulum - simpel pendulum. Moments of Inertia: Momentsof Inertia of simple bodies of paralle and perpendicular axed theorem. Motion of a rigid body about a fixed axis.

UNIT XI
STATISTICS: Frequency distributions - Graphs of frequency distribution, measures of central tendency, measures of dispresion, normal probability curve, skewness, kur tosis, Probability - Addition and multiplicaiton theorem. Baye's theorem. Probability Distributions : Binomial, Poisson, Normal Bivariate data, Curve fitting - Method of least squares. Correlation and regression Coefficient - Regression lines - rank Correlation. Test of hypothesis - uses of X2 - F tests - Tests involving means - Variances and proportions test of fit, test of independence in contingency table.

LAW

UNIT I
JURISPRUDENCE
1.Sources of Law: Legislation, Precedent and Custom.
2.Schools of Jurisprudence: Analytical, Historical, Philosophical and Sociological.
3.Concepts: Rights and Duties, Person, Possession and Ownership.

UNIT II
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
1.Nature of Indian Constitution and its salient features.
2.Preamble
3.Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duites.
4.Constitutional position of the President and Governors and their powers.
5.Supreme Court and High Courts: Their powers and jurisdiction - Judicial Activism.
6.Legislative and Administrative Relations between the Union and States.
7.Constitutional Safeguards to Civil Servants.
8.Emergency Provisions.
9.Amendment of the Consitution.

UNIT III
INTERNATIONAL LAW
1.Nature of International Law
2.Sources: Trenty, Custom, General Principles of Law recognised by Civilized nations and subsidiary means for the determination of law.
3.Recognition of States and Governments.
4.The United Nations: Its objectives and Principal Organs.

UNIT IV
CRIMES AND TORTSA: CRIMES:-
1.Concept of Crimes - Actus reus and Mens rea mens rea in Statutory Offences.
2.Stages of Crime, Abetment and Conspiracy
3.General defences;
4.Offences against Person - Murder and Culpable Homicide, Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful Confinement, kidnapping abdection and rape.
5.Offences against property - Theft, Extortion, Robbery, Dacoity, Criminal Misappropriation and breach of Trust and Cheating
6.Offences Relating to Marriage.

B TORTS:-
1.Nature and Definition ot Tort.
2.Liability based on fault and Strict Liability.
3.Vicarious Liability.
4.Negligence and Nuisance
5.Defamation
6.False imprisonment and Malicious Prosecution.

UNIT V
PERSONAL LAWPersonal Law relating to Hindus, Muslims and Christians:-
1.Sources
2.Marriage and Divorce
3.Adoption and Maintenance
4.Minority and Guardinship
5.Succession.

UNIT VI
LAW OF CONTRACTS
1.Basic Elements of Contract: offer Acceptance, Consideration and Capacity.
2.Factors Vitiating Consent.
3.Void, Voidable, Illegal and Unenforceable agreements
4.Indemnity, Guarantee and Bailment.

HISTORY

UNIT I
Physical features - Pre - historic Age - Indus Valley Civilization - Vedic Age - Jainism - Buddhism.

UNIT II
Alexander's Invasion - It's effects - Mauryan Empire Administration - Asoka's Service to Buddhism Kushans - Kanishka - The Guptas - Golden Age - Harshavardhana and Buddhism.

UNIT III
Sangam Age - Social, economic, religious and cultural conditions - The Pallavas - Their contribution to Art and Architecture - The Imperial Cholas - Their administration - Growth of religion and culture.

UNIT IV
Muslim invasions - Sultans of Delhi Qutb-Ud-din-Aibek to Balban - Alauddin Khilji - Administration - Mohamad bin - Tugluk - Feroz Tioglak - Social and Religious condition under the Sultans.

UNIT V
Bahmini Kindgoms - Vijayanagar Kingdom - Krishna Devaraya - Their contributions to Art and Architecture, religion and literature - Bakthi cult.

UNIT VI
The Mughals - Babur - Humayun - Shershah - Akbar to Aurangazeb - Mughal Administration - Art and Architecture under the Mughals. Shivaji - His administration - The Sikhs.

UNIT VII
Coming of the Europeans - Anglo - French rivalry Robert Clive to Dalhousie.

UNIT VIII
Sepoy Mutiny of 1957 - Socio - religious Reform Movements in the 19th and 20th Centuries - with special reference of Tamil Nadu - Freedom movement in India - Moderates - Extremists and Gandhian Era - Role of Tamil Nadu in the Freedom struggle.

UNIT IX
Constitutional Development - Regulating Act 1773 - Pitt's India Act 1784 - Acts of 1858. 1909, 1919, 1935 and 1947 - Salient features of Indian Constitution.

UNIT X
Impact of British rule on India - Services of Nehru and Patel - Five year Plans - India's role in world affairs - Growth of Education from the 19th century to the present day - films and press in the post independence period - Human Rights in India

GEOLOGY

UNIT I
GENERAL GEOLOGY:- Weathering: Types and Products - Geological work of wind, River, Groundwater, Glacier and Lakes - Origin, Interior and Age of the Earth.

UNIT II
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY:-Forms of Igneous rocks - Primary structures of Sediementary rocks - Types of folds - types of faults - Types of unconformity - Clinometer compass and its uses.

UNIT III
STRATIGRAPHY:- Principles of Stratigraphy - Correlation - Geological Time scale - General characterisitcs and descriptive study of the Archaean, Cuddapah, Vindhyan and Gondwana systems of Peninsular India - Cretaceous system of INDIA.

UNIT IV
PALEONTOLOGY:- Modes of preservation of fossils - Uses of fossils - Morphological characters of the following groups:- Lamellibrachia, Gasteropodis, Cephalopds, Brachiopods and Triobites.

UNIT V
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY:- Definition of Crystal - Faces - Forms - Interfacial angle - Symmetry - crystallographic axes - Laws of crystallography - Study of the Normal classes of six systems.

UNIT VI
MINERALOGY:- Petrological microscope, parts, accessories and uses - Physical properties of minerals - Descriptive study of the following:- Quartz and its varities, Feldspar, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Mica, Garnet - Andalusite, Kyanite, Sillimanite.

UNIT VII
IGNEOUS PETROLOGY:- Textures and Microstructures of Igneous rocks - Classification Bowen's reaction principle - Descriptive study of the following:- Granite, Syenite, Diorite, Gabbro and Ultramafies - Differentiation and Assimilation.

UNIT VIII
SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY:- Classification of Sedimentary rocks - Descriptive study of Residual, Clastic and Organic deposits. Agents and kinds of metamorphism - Study of Greenschists, Amphibolites and Charnockites.

UNIT IX
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY -I :- Definition of Ore, Tenor, Gangue - Bateman's classification of Ore deposits - Study of the following processes:- Magmatic concentration, Hydrothermal, Evaporation, Placer Deposits and Oxidation and Supergene Enrichment - Origin and Occurrence of Coal and petroleum in Iindia.

UNIT X
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY - II:- Study of properties, mode of occurrence, Uses and Distribution in India of the following:- Gold, Iron, Aluminium and Copper. - Descriptive study and uses of the following:- Magnesite, Clay, Calcite and Phosphatic nodules.

GEOGRAPHY

UNIT I
GEOMORPHOLOGY:- Major Relief features - Mountains - Plateaux - Plains - Geomorphic Processes - Diastrophism - Fold - Fault - Earthquake - Volcanoes - Continental Drift - Plate Tectonics - Rocks - Rock types - Weathering - Soils types - Soil profile - work of running water - Cycle concepts (Davis and Penk) work of Glaciers - Winds - Waves and Under ground water.

UNIT II
CLIMATOLOGY:- Structure and Composition of atmosphere - Insolation - Heat Balance - Factors affecting the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature - Major Pressure belts of the world - winds (Planetary and Local winds_ - Humidity - Forms of Condensation - Clouds - Rainfall types - Airmasses - Fronts - Cyclones - Climatic classification of Koeppen and Thornthwaite.

UNIT III
OCEANOGRAPHY:- Morphology of Ocean floor - Bottom Topolgraphy of Atlantic - Pacific and Indian Oceans - Distribution of temperature - Salinity of Oceans - Tides - Coral reefs - Deposite of Ocean Floors - Resources of Ocean.

UNIT IV
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY:- Man and his Environment - Human Adaptations in Equotorial regions - Mediterranean Regions - Grasslands - Determinism and Possiblism. World Population:- Growth - Distribution Pattern - Papulation problems. Migration:- Types - Causes and Consequences Settlements:- Rural settlements - types - urban settlements - site and situation.
Functional Classification of Towns - World Urbanization UNIT VENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES:- Concept dof Eco-system - Eco-Crisis - Climatic conditions - Adaptation of animals and plants in different climatic conditions - Balance of Eco-System - Need for conservation of Eco-system - Natural Hazards - Flood - Drought - Forest Fire - Earthquake and volcanoes.

UNIT VI
GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCES:- Resources - Types - Agriculture - Types of Agriculture(Intensive and Extensive) Major Crops: Rice, Wheat - Coton - Tea - Coffee - Sugarcane. Resources:- Minerals, Iron Ore - Bauzite - Manganese and Mica.Power resources :- Coal - Petroleum - Hydro Power - Nuclear Power, Forest Resources:- Types - Forest based industries - fishery Resources, Major Fishing grounds of the world. Major Industries:- Iron and Steel - Textile(Cotton and Wollen) - ship building - Automobile - Sugar industry. Transportation:- Roadways - Railways - Waterways (Inland and Major Ocean routes) - Airways. Trade:- International trade - world trade pattern.

UNIT VII
GEOGRAPHY OF REGIONAL CONCEPT:- Definition - Classification - Concept of Regions - Functional and Formal regions - Agricultural Regions Industrial Regions and Cultural Regions of the world - Regional Imbalance - Need for regional planning.

UNIT VIII
CARTOGRAPHY:- Sources of Geographical data - Primary and secondary sources - Maps - types of maps - properties and uses of the a) Mercator b) Gnomonic c) Cylindrical and d)International Projections - Map design - Map compilation and Generalisation - Computer applications in cartography.

UNIT IX
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:- Location - Natural Devisions - Climate - Climatic Divisions - Forest types - Agriculture: Problems and prospects of Indian Agriculture - Distribution and Cultivation of a)Wheat b) Rice c) Cotton d)Sugarcand e) Coffee and f)Tea. Minerals:- Iron ore - Bauxite - Mangancese - Mica and Copper. Industries :- Iron and Steel - cotton textile - Sugar - Chemical - Engineering Industries. Transport:- National Highways - Railways - Inland Waterways - Airways. Ports:- Major ports of India. Population:- Distribution - density Growth - Problems of Over population - Ntional population - policy. Trade:- Direction - Volume - Palttern of foregn trade of India.

UNIT X
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:- Location - Relief - Climate - Soil - Vegetation - Fisheries (Inland and Marine) Agriculture - Impact of Green Revolution - Distribuiton and Cultivation of major crops - Mineral wealth of INDIA - Industries - Industrial development in INDIA - Population: Growth and Distribution.Urbanization:- Trend - Million Cities of INDIA

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications

Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions.

Signals & Systems

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & system's ; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals.

Control Systems

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time domain and transform domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist's criterion. Bode-plots, Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PID controllers.

E.M. Theory

Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwell's equations; e.m. waves and wave equations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission lines; micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.

Electrical Engineering Materials

Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.

Analog Electronics

Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and voltage regulation. Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits. Basic amplifier circuits; differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency response. Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.

Digital Electronics

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoder's. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories.

Communication Systems

Fourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation systems : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing : time-division, frequency-division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal-to-noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems : source coding, channel coding; digital modulation & demodulation. Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite and mobile communication; principles of television engineering; radar engineering and radio aids to navigation.

Computers and Microprocessors

Computer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions, addressing modes, ALU, hardwire and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : 8-bit microprocessors -architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.

Measurement and Instrumentation

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.

Energy Conversion

Single-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer. Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers characteristics, starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performance characteristics, regulation, parallel operation. Synchronous motors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors, single-phase motors.

Power Systems

Electric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables. Distribution systems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction. Economic operation. Principles of over current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers, concept of system stability. HVDC transmission.

Power Electronics and Electric Drives

Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET, static characteristics, principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase controlled rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic concept of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.

Elements of IC Fabrication Technology

Overview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-pnitride and silicon dioxide; metallisation and passivation

ECONOMICS

UNIT I
Nature and scope of Economics - Importance and uses of Micro Economics - Nature of Statistics - Dynamics Law of demand - utility analysis - Elasticity of demand - consumer's surplus - indifference curve analysis.

UNIT II
Theory of production - factor combination - marginal rate of substitution - Returns to scale - producer's equilibrium. Value - price determination - under different market structures - Marginal productivity theory of distribution - Theories of rent,wages,interest and profit.

UNIT III
National income - measurement - difficulties - multiplier - Accelerator - Inflation - deflation - Trade cycle.

UNIT IV
Functions of money - Theories of money - Fisher and Friedman. Functions of commercial Bank and Central Bank - Monetary policy. Functions of money market - capital market.

UNIT V
Major fiscal functions - public expenditure - causes and growth - Revenue structure - sources - Incidence - and shifting process. Public debt - sources - techniques of repayment - Fiscal policy.

UNIT VI
International Trade - importance - balance of payments difficulties - measures - absolute cost and comparative cost theory - Free Trade vs protection policy - International Liquidity - SDR - IMF - IBRD.

UNIT VII
Economic thought of Adamsmith - Ricardo - Malthus - Karl Marx - keynes - Ghandhiji.

UNIT VIII
Economics of Development - features of Indian economy and India economy - obstacles of development economic and non-economic factors. Agriculture - Role and importance - low productivity - causes - measures - Green Revolution - Land Reforms - Development in India .

UNIT IX
Industry - Large scale and Small Scale Industries. Development in India. Industrial policy - 1948,1956,1991 - Industrial disputes - measures.

UNIT X
National & State planning - 5 year plans - objectives and achievements - population policy Human Resouce Development - Empolyment schemes and poverty alleviation programme in India. - Rural Industrialisation - SIDCO - DIC - Industrial Estates - Role of Transport

COMMERCE and ACCOUNTANCY

UNIT I
Commerce:- Economic basis of commerce - Commerce - trade - industry characteristics of Business - Business systems - Concepts of systems theory applied to business - concept of social obligation - Responsibility and Responsiveness.

UNIT II
Forms of private and public sector enterprises - different kinds of organisation - sole proprietorship, partnership, jointstock company, promotion, incorporation, prospectus, commencement of business - functions of stock exchange - co_operative societies - charactcristics, Registration and control - types of societies. Public enterprises_Meaning, characteristics, Economic, social and political objectives, argument in favour and against public enterprise - Departmental undertakings, Public corporation, Government company, Joint enterprise - Government holding companies.

UNIT III
The evolution of management science - definition - basic principles - process of Management - functions, planning, organising, staffing, direction, communication, controlling, motivation - Management by objectives. Office equipments.

UNIT IV
Secretarial practice - company secretary, qualification, procedure for appointment, powers, duties, rights and liabilities, removal, company meetings, notice, agenda, minutes.

UNIT V
Banking, commerical banks - functions, kinds of banks - banks and economic development - rural banks - co_operative banks, lead banks scheme - banker and customer - collecting and paying banker - rights, liabilties and protection, cheques, bills - National and Internatioanl, letters of credit, crossing, marking and Endorsements- Mutual funds - Meaning organisation, management, objectives.

UNIT VI
Marketing: Meaning - functions - Marketing mix - Market segmentation chennels of Distribution - Demand analysis - Basic concepts and of analysis for demand forecasting - sale promotion - pricing objectives - methods of pricing - product line pricing - market reports and their interpretation - Regulated markets - consumerism.

UNIT VII
Business law - Basic principles - law of contracts - specific contractor - law of agency, sale of goods Act, sales tax law, central excise law, law of Insurance.

UNIT VIII
Financial Accounting - principles - trading and non trading, account form in complete records, hire purchase and instalment system, consignment - Joint venture - partnership - administration - retirement. Company accounts - issue, redemption of shares and debentures - forfeiture and re-issue - final account(simple problems).

UNIT IX
Management and Cost accounting - elements of Cost - Cost sheet - Reconcilition of cost and financial account - Marginal Costing - standard Costing - Variance analysis.

UNIT X
Auditing - objectives, valuations and verification, appointment, powers duties, qualification - audit report, audit programmes, cost audit.

UNIT XI
Business statistics - characteristics - primary and secondary data - collection of data - diagrams and graphs - Mean, Mode, Median, Standard deviation, correlation and regression - time series.

UNIT XII
Basic structures of computers - computers for management - Introduction to Lotus 1, 2, 3 - Word star, Cobol.

CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIT I
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRACTICE Properties of engineering materials-brick, stones, cement (types and grades), concrete (mix design), steel and new materials. - Construction of stone masonry, brick masonry and R.C.C. - Building bye - laws and Development regulations practiced in India - Provisions for fire safety, lighting and ventillation.

UNIT II
ENGINEERING SURVEY survey - computation of areas and Chain Survey - Compass surveying - Plane table survey - levelling - fly levelling - L.S. and C.S. - Contour volumes - Theodolite survey - Traversing - Heights and Distances - Tacheometry - and Triangulation - Use of EDM and Remote sensing techniques.

UNIT III
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Stresses and strains - elastic constants - Beams and bending - Bending moment and shear force in beams - Theory of simple bending - deflection of beams - torsion - Combined stresses - Principal stresses and principal planes - Theories of Failure - Thermal stresses - Mechanical behaviour of Engineering materials.

UNIT IV
THEORY OF STRUCTURES (STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS) Indeterminate beams - Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis - Slope deflection - Moment Distribution method - Analysis of trusses - Theory of columns - moving loads and influence lines - Stability of retaining walls.

UNIT V
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Formation of soils - types of soils - classification of soils for engineering practice - Field identification of soils - Physical properties of soils - Three phase diagram - permeability characteristics of soils - stress distribution in soils - Theory of consolidation, shear strength parameters of soils - Compaction of soils. Soil exploration - Soil sampling techniques - Borelog profile - shallow foundations - Terzhagi's bearing capacity theory - Pile foundation - Group action of piles - settlement of foundations.

UNIT VI
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND POLLUTION CONTROL Sources of water - Ground water Hydraulics - Impurities of water - Water analysis - water treatment - water borne diseases. Disposal of sanitary sewage - sewerage system - Design of sewerage systems - sewer appurtiuences - Pumping of sewage - sewage treatment and disposal - Industrial waste treatment - solid waste management - Air, water and Noise pollution control.

UNIT VII
DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AND STEEL STRUCTURES R.C. AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE Design of concrete members - limit state and working stress design concepts - design of slabs - single way, two way and flat slabs - Design of singly and doubly reinforced sections and flanged sections -design of columns and footings - prestressing - systems and methods - Design of prestressed members for flexure. STEEL Design of tension and compression members - Design of rivetted and welded connections design of members of Truss and purlins - designs of columns and bases - design of beams including plate girders.

UNIT VIII
WATER RESOURCES AND IRRIGATION ENGINEERING Water resources in India - Water resource planning - Master plan for water management flood control - Channel improvement - land management. Soil plant water relationship - Water requirement of crops - Rainfall and runoff - Irrigation methods - Waterlogging and land reclamation - Headworks and Distribution works - Cross drainage works.

UNIT IX
URBAN AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Urbanisation trend and impact - Slum cleareance and slum improvement programmes - Traffic regulation and control measures - parking policy and management - Urban and regional road classification - Road geometric and road construction techniques - Different modes of transport and their characteristics.

UNIT X
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND ESTIMATING Construction management - Construction planning - Scheduling and monitoring - Cost control, Quality control and inspection - Network analysis - CPM and PERT methods of project management - Resources planning and resource management. Types of estimates - Preparation of technical - Specifications and tender documents - Building valuation - law relating to contracts and arbitration

ANTHROPOLOGY

UNIT I
Meaning and scope of AnthropologyDefinition, Major divisions of Anthropology namely cultural, physical, Archaeolgical and linguistic anthropology and their contributions to the integrated study of Man, Anthropology and its relations with other disciplines.

UNIT II
Basic concepts of society and cultureCivilization, institution, Association, group, status and role, social structure and social organisation and social functions.

UNIT III
Marriage, Family and Kinship Definition of Marriage, types of Marriage, Rules of Marriage, ways of Acquiring Mates, Marriage systemes in India. Marriage payments and functions; Family - Definition, classifications and fuctions of family; Hindu Joint family system; Definition of Kinship - Kinship terminology - Descent groups - Importance of Kinship in primitive societies.

UNIT IV
Economic and political AnthropologySalient features of Tribal, Economic organization - concept of property in tribal groups, primitive forms of Exchange - Nature of political organizations in tribal societies and forms of social control in tribal societies.

UNIT V
Religion and MagicDefinition and function of Religion, Forms of religion in primitive groups, Theories of origin of Religion, Magic types, Magic, Religion and Science.

UNIT VI
Indian peasant societyPhysical and Social structures of Indian villages, Indian caste system - origin and development and features, changing caste system, India's changing villages.

UNIT VII
Indian Urban SocietyRural Urban differences, Culture of poverty, - slums - Industrilization Indians Urban Problems - gambling. Alcoholism prostitution, labour problems, pollution and health hazards.

UNIT VIII
Indian Tribal societyDefinition and characteristics of tribe; Geographical distribution - social economic religios features; Tribal problems - constitutional safe guards for tribes - tribals movements - Tribal development and welfare measures.

UNIT IX
Organic EvolutionTheories of Evolution Lamarckiam, Darurnism, and Neo-Darurnism; Bio-Cultural factors in evolution; primates, classification, and salient features of Living primates; Man's position in Animal Kingdom, - Differences between apes and Man (Morphological and Anatomical) Fossil man - Stages of Human Evolution - and their characteristics Australopithocines, Homoerectus, Neanderthals, Cromagnon(Modern Man).

UNIT X
Human VariationDefinition of Race - Criteria of Racial classification, Major Racial groups and characteristics of the world, Racial composition of Indian populations, Principles of Genetics, Mendalism and its application to human populations; Genetics and society.

UNIT XI
Indian Pre-HistoryPalaeolithic Muselithic Neolithic Proto-historic (Indus civilization) stages of Indian culture.

UNIT XII
Applied AnthropologyMeaning and scope of applied Anthropology - Anthropologist's Role in tribal development, colonial Administration, Rural and Urban Planning - Role of Applied Anthropology in Industry. Medicine and Human health.

CHEMISTRY

UNIT I PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY:-

a) Gas law and Kinetic Theory:- Ideal gas equation - Deviation from ideal behaviour - vander waals equation for real gases - Molecular velocities - the Maxwell's distribution of molecular velocities.

b)Solid State:- Crystal systems - Bravaislattice - Unit Cell - Miller Indices - Symmetry elements in crystals - Bragg's equation - Radius ratio's and packing in crystals.

c)Thermodynamics:- Intensive and extensive variables - First law of thermodynamics - CP and CV relation - Hess's law of constant heat summation - Kirchoff's equation - Second law of thermodynamics - Carnot theorem - entropy and probability - Free energy and Chemical equilibrium - third law - Gibb's and Helmholtz functions.

UNIT II
d)Chemical Kinetics:- Rate laws - rate constant - order and molecularity of reactions - Arrhenius theory - collision theory and Transition state theory - catalysis.
e) Electro-Chemistry:- Types of reversible electrodes - Nernst equation - reference electrode and standard hydrogen electrode - computation of cell e.m.f. calculations of thermodynamic quantities of cell reactions (DG, DH, DS and K) - Over potential and hydrogen over voltage - Arrhenius theory - Debye 'Huckel equation - Kohliraush's law - Ostwald's dilution law - Determination of PH and Pka of acids by potentio metric methods.

UNIT III
f) Chemical spectroscopy:- Elementary ideas of microwave, infrared, Raman, uv, NMR, ESR and Mass spectroscopy.

UNIT IV
g) Colloids and surface Chemistry:- Classification - preparation purification - properties - Tyndall effect - Gels - Emulsions Absorption - Langmur isotherms - Heterogeneous catalysis.
h) Physical properties and Chemical constitution:- Surface tension - parachor and its application to structural problems - Dipolemoment - applications of dipolemoment measurements to structural studies of simple inorganic and organic molecules - magnetic properties of matter, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism and anti-ferromagnetism - Applications to structural problems.

UNIT V INORGANIC CHEMISTRY:-
i) Periodic classification:- Classification based on electronic configuration - periodic properties - atomic and ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity and electronegativity along periods and groups.
j) Chemical bond:- Lattice energy - VSEPR Theory and its applications - partial ionic character from electronegativity - Fajan's Rules.
k) Compounds of Boron:- Electron deficient nature of boron compounds - preparation and properties of halides and nitrates of boron - diborane - Borazine.

UNIT VI
l) LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDES:- Electronic configuration oxidation state, magnetic properties and complexation behaviour - comparison of lanthanides and actinides and their position in the periodic table.
m) Fertilisers:- Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, Superphosphate and Diammonium Phosphate, NPK fertilisers.
n) Nuclear Chemistry:- Nuclear stability, - n/p ratio - isotopes, isobars and isotones Nuclear reactions Spellation - Nuclear fission and fusion - uses of nuclear energy - applications of tracers in industry, medicine, agriculture.

UNIT VII
o) Co-ordination Chemistry:- Nomenclature - theories of co-ordination compounds - werner, valence bond, crystal field molecular orbital and ligand field theories - Effective atomic number - isomerism - Metal Carbonyls of iron and Nickel.
p) Analytical Chemistry:- i) Principles of volumetric analysis - gravimetric analysis - separation and purification techniques.

UNIT VIII ORGANIC CHEMISTRY:-
q) Types of reactions:- Nucleophilic, electrophilic, free radicals, addition and elimination reactions.
r) Electron displacement effects:- Inductive, inductometric, electromeric, mesomeric, resonance, hyperconjugation and steric effects.

UNIT IX
s) Nature of Bonding:- Hybridisation (Sp, Sp2 & Sp3) and Geometry of molecule - cleavage of bonds - homolytic and heterolytic fission of carbon - carbonbonds - Reaction intermediates - free radicals, carbocations and carbonions - their stability.
t) Stereo Chemistry:- Optical isomerism and Geometrical isomerism - chirality - optical isomerism of lactic and tartaric acid - Racemisation - Resolution - Asymmetric synthesis - walden inversion - cis and trans isomerism of maleic and fumeric acids - R-S-Notations - conformational analysis of cyclohexane.

UNIT X
u) Dyes:- Classification and Properties of dyes - methyl orange, cangored, malachite green, fluorenscein and indigo.
v) Carbon hydrates:- Classification and reactions - Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose and lactose - structure of glucose and fructose.
w) Aromatic Substitution:- Mechanism of nitration, Halogenation, sulphoration and Friedel Crafts reaction - Orientation effects - nucleophilic substitution - Benzyne mechanism.