ZOOLOGY
UNIT I
Non - Chordata:- General organisation - Classificaiton with diagnositc features upto classes.Protozoa:- Structure, reproduction and life history of Amoeba Paramecium, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Monocystis, Leishmania - locomotion, nutrition, economic importance. Porifera: Sponges canai system, skeleton, reproduction and economic importance. Coelenterata:- Diploblastic organization - life history of obelia and Aurelia, Metagenesis - Polymorphism in Hydrozoa Corals and Croal formation - relationships of Chidaria and Acnidaria. Helminthes:- Structure and life history of Planarai, Fasciola, Teania, Ascaris and Wucheraria - parasitic adaptations - Helminths in relation to man. Annelida:- Neries, earthworm and leech - Coelom and metamerism - modes of life in polychactes.Onychophora:- Structure, affinities and distribution of Peripatus. Arthropoda:- Prawn, Scropion and Cockroach - Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea - Mouth parts, vision, respiration and excretion Metamosphosis and social life in insets. Mollusca:- Freshwater mussel, pila, sepia - oyster culture and pearl formation. Echinodermata:- General organisation - Water vascular system Larval forms and affinites.
UNIT II
Prochordata:- Amphioxuz, Palanoglossus - Ascidian retrogressive Metamorphosis, neoteny and affinities. Chordata:- Genreral Organisation - Charaters, Outline classification Upto class level. Pisces:- Locomotion, migration, respiration, economic importance strcture and affinites of dipnoi.Amphibia:- Origin of Amphibians - Parental care - South Indian amphibians. Reptiles:- Origin - Conquest of land - adaptations to live on land adaptive radiation - Temporal Vacuties - identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes - poison apparatus - south Indian examples. Birids:- Origin - fight adaptations - mechanism of flight - double respiration - migration - Flightless birds, their structure and distribution.Mammals:- Dentition, skin derivatives - distribution - adaptive radiation - Protothria and Metatheria, their Phylogenetic relation ship - South Indian examples.
UNIT III
Cell and Molecular Biology:- Cellular Organelles - Structure and function - Plasma membrane, mitochondria, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and riboscomes - Nucloelus and nucleus - Chlorosplast - Cell division (Mitosis & meiosis) - Chromosomes - DNA structure and function, replication of DNA, Geneticcode - RNA and protein synthesis. Gene expression - Recombinant DNA, Genetic cloning - Genetic engineering, its uses in agriculture, biology and medicine - Sex chromosomes and sex determination.
UNIT IV
Genetics:- Laws of inheritance - Linkage, principle of gene mapping multiple alleles, blood groups - mutation (Natural and induced) Sex Linked and Sex Limited inheritance - Chromosome number and form ploidy - cytoplasmic inheritance - Karyotypes - Normal and abnormal genetic disorder - Bio-chemical genetics - regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - population genetics - Eugenics. Mean, Median and standard deviation.
UNIT V
Bio Chemistry:- Structure of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins lipids - Glycolysis and kre'bs cycle - oxidation, reduction - oxidative phosphorylation - energy conservation and relase, cyclic AMP, ATP enzymes - mechanism Hormones, their classification biosynthesis and function. Physiology:- With reference to mammals, digestion, nutrition, balanced diet in man - assimilation, intermediary/metabolism. Composition of blood - Coagulation, Transport of oxygen, Carbondioxide, Blood pigments, Mechanism of respiration, Muscles, mechanisum of muscle contration, Temperature regulation, Acid base balance and homestasis, Nerve impluses and conduction, neurotransmitters. Receptors, photo, phono and chemopreception. Nephron and urine formation, Endocrine glands, ovary and pituitary organs and their inter relationship, Physiology of reproduction in humans, Normal development in insects and pheromones. Bioluminescence, Biological rhythms, Physiology of immune response Antigens - Immunoglobulins, humoral and cell mediated immunity. T & B cells, mechanism of antibody formation - AIDS.
UNIT VI
Development Biology:- Gametogenesis - fertilization - type of eggs - blastulation and gastrulation in Amphioxus, frog and chick morphogenetic movements - organizen potency, organogenesis with reference to hear, eye kideny brain - Formation and fate of extra embryonic membranes in chick. Placenta, types, functions, Regeneration - Aging and senescene - metamorphosis in Frog - Cancerous growth.
UNIT VII
Environmental Biology:- Biotic and abiotic factors, their role, Intra and interspectic association. Biogeochemical cyles. Ecosystem, concept and componensts - energy flow, food chain, food web, trophic levels. Ecological succession, Community structure - Stratification. Population and Population dynamic - Habitate, ecology, adaptations in marine fress water and terrestrial habitats. Wild life, need for conservation management and methods of conservation. Sanctuaries with special reference to INDIA. Pollution - air, water and land - Perspective policy planning for the environment.
UNIT VIII
Evolution:- Origin of life - Evolutionary thought - Contributions of Lamarck Darwin and De Varies - present status of Darwinism and Lamrkism - modern synthetic concept - Hard Weinber Law - Polymorphism and mimicry in evolution. Specification, species concept - Isolation machanisms and their role, role of hybridization in evolution. Fossils and Fossilitzation Origin and evolution of man - Culture evolution and Biochemical evolution.
UNIT IX
Animal distribution: Zoogeographical distribution - Continental and island fauna - Continental drift - Discontinious distribution adaptive radiation. Natural resources and their conservation. Alternative sources of energy.
UNIT X
Economic Zoology:- Parasitism and Commensalim - Protozoan Parasites and diseases, helminth parasites and diseases of man and domestic animals - Benefical and destructive insects Insect pests on crops and stored products - Control methods. Sericulture, apiculture, poultry, pisciculture and induced breeding, Sheell fisheries, Acquaculture practices in INDIA and their impact on the environment and on agriculture
Non - Chordata:- General organisation - Classificaiton with diagnositc features upto classes.Protozoa:- Structure, reproduction and life history of Amoeba Paramecium, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Monocystis, Leishmania - locomotion, nutrition, economic importance. Porifera: Sponges canai system, skeleton, reproduction and economic importance. Coelenterata:- Diploblastic organization - life history of obelia and Aurelia, Metagenesis - Polymorphism in Hydrozoa Corals and Croal formation - relationships of Chidaria and Acnidaria. Helminthes:- Structure and life history of Planarai, Fasciola, Teania, Ascaris and Wucheraria - parasitic adaptations - Helminths in relation to man. Annelida:- Neries, earthworm and leech - Coelom and metamerism - modes of life in polychactes.Onychophora:- Structure, affinities and distribution of Peripatus. Arthropoda:- Prawn, Scropion and Cockroach - Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea - Mouth parts, vision, respiration and excretion Metamosphosis and social life in insets. Mollusca:- Freshwater mussel, pila, sepia - oyster culture and pearl formation. Echinodermata:- General organisation - Water vascular system Larval forms and affinites.
UNIT II
Prochordata:- Amphioxuz, Palanoglossus - Ascidian retrogressive Metamorphosis, neoteny and affinities. Chordata:- Genreral Organisation - Charaters, Outline classification Upto class level. Pisces:- Locomotion, migration, respiration, economic importance strcture and affinites of dipnoi.Amphibia:- Origin of Amphibians - Parental care - South Indian amphibians. Reptiles:- Origin - Conquest of land - adaptations to live on land adaptive radiation - Temporal Vacuties - identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes - poison apparatus - south Indian examples. Birids:- Origin - fight adaptations - mechanism of flight - double respiration - migration - Flightless birds, their structure and distribution.Mammals:- Dentition, skin derivatives - distribution - adaptive radiation - Protothria and Metatheria, their Phylogenetic relation ship - South Indian examples.
UNIT III
Cell and Molecular Biology:- Cellular Organelles - Structure and function - Plasma membrane, mitochondria, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and riboscomes - Nucloelus and nucleus - Chlorosplast - Cell division (Mitosis & meiosis) - Chromosomes - DNA structure and function, replication of DNA, Geneticcode - RNA and protein synthesis. Gene expression - Recombinant DNA, Genetic cloning - Genetic engineering, its uses in agriculture, biology and medicine - Sex chromosomes and sex determination.
UNIT IV
Genetics:- Laws of inheritance - Linkage, principle of gene mapping multiple alleles, blood groups - mutation (Natural and induced) Sex Linked and Sex Limited inheritance - Chromosome number and form ploidy - cytoplasmic inheritance - Karyotypes - Normal and abnormal genetic disorder - Bio-chemical genetics - regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes - population genetics - Eugenics. Mean, Median and standard deviation.
UNIT V
Bio Chemistry:- Structure of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins lipids - Glycolysis and kre'bs cycle - oxidation, reduction - oxidative phosphorylation - energy conservation and relase, cyclic AMP, ATP enzymes - mechanism Hormones, their classification biosynthesis and function. Physiology:- With reference to mammals, digestion, nutrition, balanced diet in man - assimilation, intermediary/metabolism. Composition of blood - Coagulation, Transport of oxygen, Carbondioxide, Blood pigments, Mechanism of respiration, Muscles, mechanisum of muscle contration, Temperature regulation, Acid base balance and homestasis, Nerve impluses and conduction, neurotransmitters. Receptors, photo, phono and chemopreception. Nephron and urine formation, Endocrine glands, ovary and pituitary organs and their inter relationship, Physiology of reproduction in humans, Normal development in insects and pheromones. Bioluminescence, Biological rhythms, Physiology of immune response Antigens - Immunoglobulins, humoral and cell mediated immunity. T & B cells, mechanism of antibody formation - AIDS.
UNIT VI
Development Biology:- Gametogenesis - fertilization - type of eggs - blastulation and gastrulation in Amphioxus, frog and chick morphogenetic movements - organizen potency, organogenesis with reference to hear, eye kideny brain - Formation and fate of extra embryonic membranes in chick. Placenta, types, functions, Regeneration - Aging and senescene - metamorphosis in Frog - Cancerous growth.
UNIT VII
Environmental Biology:- Biotic and abiotic factors, their role, Intra and interspectic association. Biogeochemical cyles. Ecosystem, concept and componensts - energy flow, food chain, food web, trophic levels. Ecological succession, Community structure - Stratification. Population and Population dynamic - Habitate, ecology, adaptations in marine fress water and terrestrial habitats. Wild life, need for conservation management and methods of conservation. Sanctuaries with special reference to INDIA. Pollution - air, water and land - Perspective policy planning for the environment.
UNIT VIII
Evolution:- Origin of life - Evolutionary thought - Contributions of Lamarck Darwin and De Varies - present status of Darwinism and Lamrkism - modern synthetic concept - Hard Weinber Law - Polymorphism and mimicry in evolution. Specification, species concept - Isolation machanisms and their role, role of hybridization in evolution. Fossils and Fossilitzation Origin and evolution of man - Culture evolution and Biochemical evolution.
UNIT IX
Animal distribution: Zoogeographical distribution - Continental and island fauna - Continental drift - Discontinious distribution adaptive radiation. Natural resources and their conservation. Alternative sources of energy.
UNIT X
Economic Zoology:- Parasitism and Commensalim - Protozoan Parasites and diseases, helminth parasites and diseases of man and domestic animals - Benefical and destructive insects Insect pests on crops and stored products - Control methods. Sericulture, apiculture, poultry, pisciculture and induced breeding, Sheell fisheries, Acquaculture practices in INDIA and their impact on the environment and on agriculture
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